In case you're not sure, a light fixture is any electrical device used to create artificial light or illumination. It can be freestanding or portable (eg. nightlights and balanced arm lamps), fixed (eg. recessed, surface-mounted and outdoor lighting) or special purpose (eg. security lights).

When designing lighting for great effect and maximum efficiency, be sure to keep these tips in mind:

General lighting

Buy lamps that produce a wide beam of light for general diffused lighting (avoid using narrow beams of light unless you want to highlight a specific feature).

Fluorescents

All fluorescents (linear, CFL etc) produce good general diffused lighting. To be effective they require fittings with the right reflector to guide the light where needed.

When buying a fluorescent fixture, make sure you get a dimmable version for maximum flexibility. There are several types of dimmable ballasts, so ask your electrician about the type of dimming you that suits your needs best.

Downlights

If you choose downlights for general room lighting, make sure they are adjustable (not fixed) so you can aim light onto walls, thereby creating a feeling of brightness and comfort. If the fixture fits a standard 50W halogen spotlight (MR16), use a high efficiency 35W IRC Spotlight, 60° lamp instead.

Recessed lights

Standard recessed lights can compromise the exterior insulation of your home. Be sure to choose fittings designed for energy efficient bulbs and that are designed to reduce heat loss through the fitting.

Fixed lighting

If you can't aim fixtures, locate them closer to walls so you can get more light onto vertical surfaces.

Supplementary lighting

Pedants, wall lights, floor and table lamps provide good supplementary lighting – use them to create drama and mood lighting in a space.

Spotlighting

Try efficient IRC reflector lamps rather than fluorescent tubes and CFL bulbs for spotlighting.

Cupboards etc

In areas like cupboards, where lighting is switched on for only a few seconds, use energy efficient halogen or incandescent light sources. Unlike fluorescents these do not require warm-up time.