Direct all external lighting onto a surface and minimise spill light into the sky.
There are many different efficient lamps and light fittings in the market now. Most light fittings have been designed to use the traditional incandescent light bulb, but you can use new energy efficient lamps to replace them.
Here are the 4 rules to remember when choosing energy efficient lamp replacements:
RULE 1. Match the lamp colour and wattage of the bulb you're replacing.
To maintain existing light levels, use efficient lamps that provide a similar light output to the lamp you are replacing. The old lamp may have been a ‘warm white’ colour or a ‘cool white’ colour. Also, never exceed the maximum wattage stated on the fitting.
RULE 2. If you can't see the light bulb, it doesn't matter what it looks like.
If the light bulb is in a covered fitting such as a ceiling dome, or behind a lamp-shade, then it doesn’t matter what type of efficient lamp you use, as you wont see it anyway. Just remember the light output is what’s important. A standard CFL is probably the most cost effective lamp if you are replacing a covered fitting.
RULE 3. Make sure the replacement efficient lamp has the necessary features or functionality.
New generation efficient halogen bulbs can be used anywhere a standard incandescent is used. However if you're looking to use a CFL on a dimmer circuit or in a high-switch area you'll need to make sure you choose one that's been designed for this use. Also make sure the base of the new bulb – whether it be bayonet or screw fitting - is the same as the one you are replacing.
RULE 4. Just because it fits doesn't mean it is going to give you the light you need.
Some light fittings, especially recessed ceiling lights, only work well with a bulb that the fitting was designed for. For these fittings, a replacement bulb that is as similar to the original bulb shape and size is important - so choose the most appropriate new generation halogen bulb, a reflector CFL or replace the fitting with one designed to take a new efficient lamp bulb.